Friday, July 1, 2016

Week 4

For the fourth week, one of the interesting procedures was shadowing a doctor removing the clot filter previously placed in the inferior vena cava(IVC). The purpose of the filter was to stop clots from reaching the heart. The clots are usually caused by diseases such as cancer or by lying down for a long time which may be due to an illness.
During the procedure a guiding wire was inserted in the jugular vein. The access hole was made by a needle that was inserted into the jugular vein by the visual aid of Ultrasound. The wire was then guided to the filter location by fluoroscopy visual aid. Next, a catheter was inserted and guided to the filter location by the wire, the wire was then removed and long forceps were used to remove the filter by grasping its tip and pulling it through the catheter. The filter is cone shaped with the tip pointing towards the blood flow direction, the cone is made of wire strips which filter out the clot and allow un-clotted blood through.
These filters are usually removed after it is determined that the clot is no longer there or it is no longer a threat to the patient. If left for a long time, the filters may build into the vessel walls and also if they become clogged they may cause adverse health issues.
Usually filters are used in place of blood thinners in situations such as for surgery patients, to prevent over-bleeding.
Another interesting procedure involved measurement of pressure gradient across a shunt placed in the liver between right port vein and right hepatic vein. The purpose of the shunt was to prevent GI bleeding due to the stenosis in the liver. During pressure measurement, Higher pressure gradient would indicate narrowing of the shunt which would necessitate ballooning to extend it, lower pressure gradient means too wide a shunt which means most blood from the gut is going straight into the heart without being cleansed of the toxins by the liver.
I also shadowed doctor performing a tumor ablation in the kidney. Microwave technology was used to ablate the tumor. After inserting the microwave probe into the tumor by aid of CT, the probe temperature was raised to 65 degrees Centigrade. This would kill all the cancer cells since temperatures above 55 degrees centigrade kill cells.

These are just some of the interesting IR procedures I have shadowed this week

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